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EM-Critical Care

An in-depth analysis of current topics in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine typically based upon our regular EM-CCM conference.

EM-Critical Care Toxicology

The Critically Ill “Tox Patient”

The Case 34 year-old woman with past medical history of postpartum cardiomyopathy (EF 15%) with AICD, mechanical mitral valve replacement, and depression was brought in by EMS for non-accidental ingestion of bupropion, furosemide, and warfarin. The dosage, number of tablets, and timing of ingestion was unknown. The patient was lethargic and Read more…

By yon.yohannes, 9 yearsJune 2, 2016 ago
aflutter
Cardiovascular EM-Critical Care

Management of Atrial Flutter with Rapid AV Conduction

The Case 58 year-old man with history of mitral valve prolapse presents with 4 days of intermittent palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. The symptoms resolve spontaneously. He denies any illicit substance use. Vital signs on arrival: T 97.5F, HR 71, BP 140/89, RR 18, SpO2 100% on room air. Read more…

By yon.yohannes, 9 yearsMarch 16, 2016 ago
EM-Critical Care Gastroenterology

Midgut Volvulus: A Rare Gastrointestinal Disease in Adults

The Case: 38 year-old-male no PMH presents with severe RUQ pain for 1 day with nausea and nonbloody/nonbilious vomiting but no diarrhea. No history of abdominal surgeries. BP 155/103 HR 61 RR 18 Sp02 100% on room air temp 97F. On physical exam patient was pale, diaphoretic, and in severe distress. His abdomen Read more…

By wendyrollerblades, 9 yearsMarch 15, 2016 ago
EM-Critical Care

Hemorrhagic Shock

The Case 36 YOF PMH GERD, lap band s/p removal 8 months prior BIBEMS for multiple episodes of hematemesis, melena x1, syncope x1. Patient was lethargic upon arrival. BP 70/55 HR 120 RR 22 02 Sat 98% Temp 97.8F. On physical exam, patient was ill-appearing with pale conjunctiva, tachycardic, LLQ Read more…

By wendyrollerblades, 9 yearsJanuary 2, 2016 ago
EM-Critical Care Immune/Inflammatory Infectious Disease

Management of the Critically Ill AIDS Patient

Presented by: Dr. Jaime Moran Summarized by: Dr. Yonatan Yohannes Reviewed by: Dr. Ian deSouza, Dr. Wendy Chan   A guy walks into a bar and orders a drink. He syncopizes before taking his first sip. I know what you’re thinking and the answer is no, he didn’t pre-game (i.e. Read more…

By yon.yohannes, 9 yearsNovember 26, 2015 ago
EM-Critical Care Gastroenterology

Management of Upper GI Bleeding

The Critical Care Mini fellowship crew had an excellent discussion (and dinner) on October 21st led by Dr. Wendy Chan (moi!) and facilitated by Dr. Ashika Jain.  We share our review of the literature with you below.  Thank you for all who participated.  I have included links to the orginal Read more…

By wendyrollerblades, 10 yearsNovember 4, 2015 ago
EM-Critical Care Endocrinology

Management of Severe Acidemia in DKA

Presented by: Dr. Cassie Thomassin Summarized by: Dr. Yonatan Yohannes Reviewed by: Dr. Ian deSouza, Dr. Wendy Chan   The Fictitious Case A 22 y/o F with PMH insulin-dependent DM and hypothyroidism is brought in by EMS for altered mental status. Family members on the scene noted she has been Read more…

By yon.yohannes, 10 yearsOctober 21, 2015 ago
EM-Critical Care Pulmonology

Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism

Presented by: Dr. Luke Donnelly Summarized by: Drs. Wendy Chan and Yonatan Yohannes Reviewed by: Dr. Ian deSouza The Case: 27 year-old male no PMH BIBEMS for syncopal episode in bathroom. + significant family Hx of PE. Initial vitals: HR 138, RR 33, BP 87/64, 91% 02 on room air. Read more…

By wendyrollerblades, 10 yearsSeptember 23, 2015 ago
EM-Critical Care Evidence-Based Medicine Neurology Trauma

Hypertonic Saline vs Mannitol for TBI with Increased ICP

   

By wendyrollerblades, 10 yearsAugust 24, 2015 ago
EM-Critical Care Hematology/Oncology Immune/Inflammatory

Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Presented by: Dr. Andrew Nguyen Summarized by: Dr. Wendy Chan Reviewed by: Dr. Ian deSouza The Fictitious Case: 81 y/o F with PMH HTN, DM, CVA, afib, CAD, and recent hospitalization presents with 1 week of generalized weakness, nausea w/o vomiting, and pain to left toes with swelling and discoloration. Read more…

By wendyrollerblades, 10 yearsJuly 27, 2015 ago

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Search the Site
Welcome to the official blog of the Kings County/SUNY Downstate Emergency Medicine Residency!

We are the residents (and some attendings) of the Kings County Hospital Emergency Department who have put together a unique mostly resident-authored blog for medical professionals.

If you have ideas for a post or are just looking for a fun way to do some individualized learning, e-mail us at CountyEMBlog@gmail.com and come be a part of our team!

Visit our YouTube channel for our recorded monthly conference lectures
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clinicalmonsterblog


Before you Walk in the Room: Abnormal Uterine Blee
Before you Walk in the Room: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 
Is your patient presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding? Use the mnemonic PALM-COEIN to quickly formulate a differential before you walk in the room.
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential #mnemonic #step1 #step #step3


County EM presents a case of an 18 year old male B
County EM presents a case of an 18 year old male BIBEMS after being found collapsed during a half marathon. He is obtunded, diaphoretic, tachycardic, tachypneic, and has a rectal temp of 107F.
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Exertional Heat Stroke

Take Home Points:

1. Though there are no head-to-head comparisons, cold water immersion appears to be the most effective method of rapid cooling

2. Consider placing defibrillator pads before water immersion

3. Consider the use of a body bag for rapid initiation of cold water immersion

4. Employ an ‘all hands on deck’ strategy to obtain ice from the nearest source

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Morning Report Recap- Dr. Natassia Buckridge on Ke
Morning Report Recap- Dr. Natassia Buckridge on Ketamine vs PNB for analgesia


Before you Walk in the Room: Headaches
The key to

Before you Walk in the Room: Headaches
The key to tackling headaches? Knowing primary from secondary. 
#emergency #headache #migraine #emergencymedicine #em #emresident #medicalstudent #ms4 #ms3 #awayrotation #rotations #subi #diagnosis #foamed #step1 #step2 #step3


BYWITR: Joint Pain
Is your patient presenting with

BYWITR: Joint Pain
Is your patient presenting with joint pain? Think arthritis. Here's a way you can formulate a differential diagnosis before you walk into the room.
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential


Slit lamp mechanics with our very own Dr. Silverbe
Slit lamp mechanics with our very own Dr. Silverberg!


Before You Walk In The Room: Eye Pain
Going to see

Before You Walk In The Room: Eye Pain
Going to see a patient with a painful eye? remember to take an anatomical approach!
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential


County EM presents a case of an 18 year old male B
County EM presents a case of an 18 year old male BIBEMS after being found collapsed during a half marathon. He is obtunded, diaphoretic, tachycardic, tachypneic, and has a rectal temp of 107F.
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Exertional Heat Stroke

Take Home Points:

1. Exertional heat stroke is a time-sensitive diagnosis.

2. The core body temperature threshold of > 40 degrees Celsius may be inaccurate.  More attention should be focused on pathological symptoms in the right clinical context.

3. Anticipate common complications including thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, liver damage, acute kidney injury, lactic acidosis, cardiovascular dysfunction, and rhabdomyolysis.

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Before you Walk in the Room: Sinus Tachycardia
He

Before you Walk in the Room: Sinus Tachycardia 
Heart rate not going down? Looking for the cause? 
Use the mnemonic "FHAST PACED" to quickly identify potential causes of tachycardia in your patient. 
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential


H2H: De Winters Pattern: An OMI Equivalent for Pro
H2H: De Winters Pattern: An OMI Equivalent for Proximal LAD Occlusion
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential #mnemonic


BYWITR: Syncope
Picked up a patient with syncope?

BYWITR: Syncope
Picked up a patient with syncope? Use this framework to formulate a differential before you walk in the room 
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential


County EM presents a case of a 40-year-old woman w
County EM presents a case of a 40-year-old woman with a history of CAD and prior RCA stent who arrives to the ED with chest pain for one day. Her triage vitals are within normal limits but you notice the patient holding her chest in pain with diaphoresis. Besides ECG and blood work, what else can be used to risk stratify the patient for ACS?
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TTE for Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities

Take Home Points:

1. Regional wall motion abnormalities occur early, before ECG changes or pain

2. Consider TTE if ECG is non-diagnostic for OMI, especially in patients with moderate to high likelihood of OMI

3. Look at a prior TTE, if available

4. Know the “false-positive” causes of regional wall motion abnormalities

5. Learn the coronary anatomy to correlate with regional wall motion abnormalities

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Welcome to our Before you Walk in the Room series-
Welcome to our Before you Walk in the Room series-
Altered mental status
Is your patient confused or acting out of character? Identify the cause with AEIOU-TIPS, a mnemonic for altered mental states
#emergencymedicine #residency #medicalstudent #meded #foamed #intern #ms4 #ms3 #mnemonics


Welcome back to part 3 of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopa
Welcome back to part 3 of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy!
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Take Home Points:

1. When patients with known or suspected HCM present hypotensive, maximize preload and afterload and avoid inotropes and chronotropes as they may worsen LVOTO.

2. Patients with HCM can have poor tolerance to atrial fibrillation and rhythm control strategy with cardioversion or antidysrhythmics drugs should be considered.

3. First-line treatment to prevent recurrent of ventricular dysrhythmias in HCM patients are beta-blockers.

4. ICD placement in patients with HCM has been shown to reduce mortality and is a class 1 recommendation in those with an episode of SCD in the past, ventricular fibrillation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia. Remember to ask about SCD risk factors such as family history of SCD or unexplained syncope. 

5. Patients with symptoms should be admitted while those that are  asymptomatic with known or suspected HCM can follow up with cardiology on an out-patient basis.

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Welcome to "Did You Ask?" a segment where we talk
Welcome to "Did You Ask?" a segment where we talk about important pieces of information that you need to get on history when examining patients. 
Today we're gonna be talking about back pain one of the most common chief complaints in the ED. 
#emergency #emergencymedicine #medicalstudent #emresident #resident #intern #ms4 #ms3 #foamed #awayrotation #subi #differential #mnemonic #backpain #step1 #step2 #step3 #ms1 #ms2


Welcome back to part 2 of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopa
Welcome back to part 2 of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy!
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Take Home Points:

1. Ask about chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and/or syncope on exertion during your interview 

2. ECG findings are not diagnostic but classic findings include LVH, pathologic ‘dagger’ Q waves, deep S waves in V1-V3, and high R wave in V4-V6 with abnormal T waves 

3. A bedside parasternal short axis view with an end-diastole wall thickness ≥ 15 mm is highly suspicious for HCM and warrants further investigation 

4. Beta blockers are first line pharmacological intervention and in those with refractory symptoms consider disopyramide or surgical intervention via myomectomy or alcohol septal reduction

Stay tuned for part 3 as we discuss treatment of emergent conditions and prevention of SCD!

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Heart 2 Heart
Identifying Wellen's Syndrome- Keep

Heart 2 Heart 
Identifying Wellen's Syndrome- Keep an eye out for reperfusion T waves in the inferior or lateral leads if you have transient reperfusion of the RCA or LCx- the same pattern can happen in any of the coronary distributions!


County EM presents a case of a 59-year-old male wi
County EM presents a case of a 59-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease was brought in by EMS to the ED with severe chest pain
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Take Home Points:

1. HCM includes a complex interplay of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), mitral regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and autonomic dysfunction

2. Although classically thought of as septal hypertrophy leading to LVOTO, multiple variants have been identified. Variants including concentric, reverse septal, neutral, and apical HCM have been identified, and nearly any pattern of LV wall thickening can occur with HCM.

3. Common adverse events include sudden cardiac death, symptoms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, heart failure, and arrhythmias 

4. Patients with HCM are at higher risk for myocardial ischemia even in the absence of CAD. 

5. The pathophysiology of anginal chest pain and rising troponin in HCM is related to increased oxygen demand secondary to hypertrophy, microvascular dysfunction, and small coronary vessel medial hypertrophy, which causes decreased coronary flow reserve and regional myocardial ischemia. 

Stay tuned for part 2 as we discuss early identification of HCM!!

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Today we share a post on the pathophysiology and m
Today we share a post on the pathophysiology and management of priapism. The big takeways are as follows:

1) Priapism is  either ischemic or non-ischemic and this is one of the most important distinctions to make as untreated ischemic priapism leads to fibrosis and permant sexual dysfunction.

2. Cavernosal blood gas in ischemic priapism will show elevated PaCO2 > 60 mmHg, decreased PaO2 < 30 mmHg, and pH < 7.25.

3. The most important treatment for priapism is drainage. This is achieved by injecting a 20-gauge needle into the 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock (sometimes both) position to aspirate blood from the corpus cavernosum. It is important to only aspirate from these positions to avoid injury to dorsal vessels or the urethra.

4. Once drainage is complete, inject phenylephrine into the corpus cavernosum to help prevent re-accumulation.

5. Most pharmacies will give you a phenylephrine bottle with 10 mg/mL concentration. You should dilute this ten-fold: take 1 mL of phenylephrine and mix into a 9 mL saline flush, creating a new concentration of 1mg/mL, or 1000 mcg/mL. You can inject 0.5cc of your phenylephrine mixture into the corpus cavernosa using the same needle you used for drainage (limit to 3 injections).

6. Lastly, all patients with priapism should be scheduled for urgent urology follow-up. For patients with recurrent episodes, or where multiple attempts at drainage have proven unsuccessful, you can consider an emergent urology consult.

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also check out our website for more juicy content!


Today we share a post on the management of intracr
Today we share a post on the management of intracranial hemorrhage. The goal in the ED is to prevent hematoma expansion, edema, and herniation. The big takeaways are as follows:

1. For patients presenting with systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 150 and 220 mmHg, acute lowering of SBP to a target of 130 to 150 mmHg is safe and reasonable 

2. Seizure prophylaxis is not routinely recommended except in lobar involvement.

3. Studies show that hypertonic saline leads to a greater reduction in ICP when compared to mannitol.

Check out our story and highlight reel for direct links to the article! Also, check out our website for more juicy content!



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